He rite ia whakarerekētanga hua ki te mea hanga kanohi a te tangata. Me pania te mata ki ētahi paparanga o te ihirangi hei whakaoti i te tukanga whakapaipai mata. Ko te matotoru o te paninga ka whakaatuhia i roto i ngā maikorona. Ko te whānui o te makawe he whitu tekau, waru tekau rānei maikorona, ā, ko te paninga whakarewa he torutoru hauwhā mano o taua mea. He mea hanga te hua mai i te huinga o ngā momo konganuku, ā, he maha ngā paparanga o ngā momo konganuku rerekē hei whakaoti i te tukanga hanga kanohi. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga ngā mōhiotanga e tika ana mō te whakakikorua hiko me te whakakikorua tae. Hei tohutoro mā ngā hoa e hoko ana, e tuku ana hoki i ngā pūnaha rauemi tākai kounga teitei:
Ko te whakakikorua hiko he tukanga e whakamahi ana i te kaupapa o te hikohiko hei whakakikorua i tētahi paparanga angiangi o ētahi atu konganuku, o ngā koranu rānei ki te mata o ētahi konganuku. He tukanga e whakamahi ana i te hikohiko hei tāpiri i tētahi kiriata konganuku ki te mata o te konganuku, o ētahi atu wāhanga rauemi rānei hei ārai i te waikura o te konganuku (pērā i te waikura), hei whakapai ake i te ātete ki te kakahu, te kawe hiko, te whakaata, te ātete ki te waikura (ko ngā konganuku pania he konganuku ātete ki te waikura te nuinga) me te whakapai ake i te āhua.
Kaupapa
Ko te whakakikorua hiko e hiahiatia ana he pūtake hiko iti-ngaohiko, au-rahi e tuku hiko ana ki te tāke whakakikorua hiko me tētahi taputapu hiko e tito ana i tētahi otinga whakakikorua, ngā wāhanga hei whakakikorua (katode) me te anode. Ko te tukanga whakakikorua hiko he tukanga e whakaitihia ai ngā katote konganuku i roto i te otinga whakakikorua hei ngota konganuku mā roto i ngā tauhohenga hiko i raro i te mahi a tētahi papa hiko o waho, ā, ka mahia te whakatakotoranga konganuku ki runga i te katode.
Ngā rauemi e tika ana
Ko te nuinga o ngā paninga he konganuku takitahi, he koranu rānei, pērā i te titanium, te palladium, te konutea, te cadmium, te koura, te parahi rānei, te parahi, me ētahi atu; kei reira anō hoki ngā paparanga marara, pērā i te nickel-silicon carbide, te nickel-fluorinated graphite, me ētahi atu; me ngā paparanga whakakikorua, pērā i runga i te maitai. Paparanga parahi-nickel-chromium i runga i te maitai, paparanga hiriwa-indium i runga i te maitai, me ētahi atu. Haunga te rino maka rino, te maitai me te kowiri tira, ko ngā rauemi turanga mō te whakakikorua hiko kei roto hoki ko ngā konganuku kore-ferrous, ngā kirihou ABS rānei, te polypropylene, te polysulfone me ngā kirihou phenolic. Heoi, me whai maimoatanga whakahohe me te arotau motuhake ngā kirihou i mua i te whakakikorua hiko.
Tae whakakikorua
1) Te whakakikorua i te konganuku utu nui: pērā i te konukawata, te koura, te konukawata, te hiriwa;
2) Whakakikoruatanga konganuku whānui: pērā i te konukawata rūpahu, te pū pango, te tine kore-nikara, te parahi tawhito, te parahi whero tawhito, te hiriwa tawhito, te tine tawhito, me ētahi atu.
E ai ki te uauatanga o te tukanga
1) Ngā tae whakakikorua whānui: konukawata, koura, konukawata, hiriwa, konukawata rūpahu, pū pango, konukawata tine kore-nikara, nikara pērara, whakakikorua peita pango;
2) Whakakikoruatanga motuhake: whakakikoruatanga tawhito (tae atu ki te patina hinu, te patina tae, te patina miro-miro), te whakakikoruatanga tae-rua, te whakakikoruatanga onepū, te whakakikoruatanga raina paraihe, me ētahi atu.
1 konukawata
He konganuku utu nui, he onge hoki. He mā hiriwa te tae. He pumau ōna āhuatanga, he ātete pai ki te kakahu, he pakeke teitei, ā, he roa te wā e mau ana te tae. Ko tētahi o ngā tae mata whakakikoruatia hiko pai rawa atu. Neke atu i te 0.03 maikorona te matotoru, ā, ko te palladium te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana hei paparanga o raro kia pai ai te pānga mahi tahi, ā, ka taea te penapena i te hiri mō te neke atu i te 5 tau.
2 konukawata rūpahu
Ko te konganuku whakakikorua he koranu parahi-tine (Cu/Zn), ā, ko te konukawata rūpahu e kiia ana hoki ko te parahi-tine mā. He tino tata te tae ki te koura mā, ā, he paku kōwhai ake i te koura mā. He ngohengohe, he oraora te rauemi, ā, he ngāwari te memeha o te paninga o te mata. Ki te kati, ka taea te waiho mō te haurua tau.
3 koura
He konganuku utu nui te koura (Au). He mea whakapaipai noa. He rerekē ngā tae o ngā ōwehenga o ngā kai: 24K, 18K, 14K. Ā, i tēnei raupapa mai i te kōwhai ki te kakariki, ka rerekē te tae i waenga i ngā matotoru rerekē. He pumau ōna āhuatanga, ā, ko tōna pakeke he 1/4-1/6 o te konukawata. He toharite tōna ātete ki te kakahu. Nō reira, he toharite tōna roa o te pupuri tae. He mea hanga te koura rōhi ki te koranu koura-parahi. E ai ki te ōwehenga, kei waenganui i te kōwhai koura me te whero te tae. Ki te whakatauritea ki ētahi atu koura, he ora ake, he uaua ki te whakahaere i te tae, ā, he maha ngā rerekētanga tae. Kāore hoki te roa o te pupuri tae i te pai pērā i ētahi atu tae koura, ā, he ngāwari te huri tae.
4 hiriwa
He konganuku mā te hiriwa (Ag) he tino tauhohe. Ka huri ngāwari te tae o te hiriwa ina pāngia e ngā whanariki me ngā pūhaumāota i te rangi. Ko te whakakikorua hiriwa he tikanga whānui te whakamahi i te tiaki hikohiko me te tiaki hiko-whakapūmau hei whakarite i te roa o te whakakikorua. I roto i ēnei, he roa ake te roa o te tiaki hiko-whakapūmau i tērā o te hiko-whakapūmau, engari he ahua kōwhai, he iti ngā kōhao iti o ngā hua kanapa, ā, ka piki ake hoki te utu. Ka hangaia te hiko-whakapūmau i te 150°C, ā, he uaua ki te mahi anō i ngā hua e tiakina ana e ia, ā, he maha ngā wā ka parahia. Ka taea te penapena i te hiko-whakapūmau hiriwa mō te neke atu i te 1 tau me te kore e memeha.
5 pū pango
He mea whakarewa te nikara/konutea (Ni/Zn), e kiia ana hoki he pango pū, he nikara mangu rānei. He mangu te tae o te whakakikorua, he hina paku. He pai te pumau o te mata, engari he ngawari ki te tae i ngā taumata iti. Kei roto i tēnei tae whakakikorua tonu te nikara, ā, kāore e taea te whakamahi mō te whakakikorua kore-nikara. He uaua te hanga anō me te hanga anō i te whakakikorua tae.
6 ngā nikara
He hina-mā te nikara (Ni), ā, he konganuku tino mātotoru, tino pakari hoki. E whakamahia whānuitia ana hei paparanga hiri mō te whakakikorua hiko hei whakapai ake i te roa o te whakamahinga o te whakakikorua hiko. He pai tōna kaha ki te pure i roto i te āhuarangi, ā, ka taea te ātete ki te waikura mai i te āhuarangi. He tino mārō, he pakarukaru hoki te nikara, nō reira kāore e pai mō ngā hua e hiahia ana kia rerekē te āhua i te wā e whakakikoruatia ana. Ina rerekē te āhua o ngā hua whakakikorua-nikara, ka tihore te paninga. Tērā pea ka pāngia ētahi tāngata e te mate pāwera kiri i te nikara.
7 Whakakikorua tine-kobalt kore-nikara
He koranu tine-cobalt (Sn/Co) te rauemi. He mangu te tae, tata ki te pū pango (he hina ake i te pū pango), ā, he paninga pango kore-nikara. He pumau te mata, ā, he ngawari te paninga hiko ki te tae. Kāore e ngāwari te hanga anō me te hanga anō i te paninga tae.
8 nikara pērara
Ko tōna rauemi he nikara, e kiia ana hoki ko te nikara onepu. Ko te tikanga he mea whakamahi hei paparanga raro kua pania ki te tae kohu. He hina te tae, he mata whakaata kāore e kanapa, he āhua ngohengohe rite ki te kohu, pērā i te hātini. Kāore i te pumau te nui o te whakakorikori. Ki te kore he tiaki motuhake, nā te awe o ngā rauemi hanga onepu, tera pea ka rerekē te tae ina pa ki te kiri.
9 tae kohu
He mea hanga ki te nikara pērara hei tāpiri i te tae o te mata. He pānga kohu tōna, ā, he matte. Ko tana tikanga whakakikorua ko te nikara pērara kua whakakikoruatia i mua. Nā te mea he uaua ki te whakahaere i te pānga atomization o te nikara pērara, he rerekē te tae o te mata, ā, he ngāwari ki te rerekē te tae. Kāore e taea te whakamahi i tēnei tae whakakikorua me te whakakikorua kore-nikara, me te kōhatu rānei i muri i te whakakikorua. He ngāwari te waikura o tēnei tae whakakikorua, nō reira me aro nui ki te tiakitanga.
10 paraihe waea whakakikoruatia
I muri i te whakakikoruatanga parahi, ka paraihia ngā rārangi ki te parahi, kātahi ka tāpirihia te tae o te mata. He āhua rārangi. He rite tonu te tae o tōna āhua ki te tae whakakikoruatanga whānui, engari ko te rerekētanga he rārangi kei te mata. Kāore e taea te whakakikoruatia ngā waea paraihe ki te kore-nikara. Nā te kore-nikara, kāore e taea te whakamana i te roa o te ora.
11 te pupuhi onepu
Ko te onepū tētahi o ngā tikanga mō te whakakikorua i te tae kohu ki te hiko. Ka whakakikoruatia te parahi ki te onepū, kātahi ka whakakikoruatia ki te hiko. He onepū te mata matte, ā, he mārama ake te tae matte kotahi i te pānga o te onepū. Pērā i te whakakikorua paraihe, kāore e taea te whakakikorua kore-nikara.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 23-2023
