Kusintha kulikonse kwa chinthu kumakhala ngati zodzoladzola za anthu. Pamwamba pake pamafunika kupaka ndi zigawo zingapo za zinthu kuti amalize ntchito yokongoletsa pamwamba. Kukhuthala kwa chophimbacho kumawonetsedwa mu ma microns. Kawirikawiri, m'mimba mwake wa tsitsi ndi ma microns makumi asanu ndi awiri kapena makumi asanu ndi atatu, ndipo chophimba chachitsulo ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo zikwizikwi a icho. Chogulitsacho chimapangidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa zitsulo zosiyanasiyana ndipo chimapakidwa ndi zigawo zingapo za zitsulo zosiyanasiyana kuti chimalize ntchito yodzoladzola. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwachidule chidziwitso chofunikira cha electroplating ndi color plating. Zomwe zili mkati mwake ndi zoti abwenzi omwe amagula ndikupereka makina apamwamba opakira zinthu:
Kupaka electroplating ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya electrolysis kuti iphatikizepo zitsulo zina kapena ma alloys pamwamba pa zitsulo zina. Ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito electrolysis kuti iphatikize filimu yachitsulo pamwamba pa chitsulo kapena zinthu zina kuti ipewe kusungunuka kwa chitsulo (monga dzimbiri), imapangitsa kuti kusagwirizana ndi kuwonongeka, kuyendetsa bwino mpweya, kuwunikira, kukana dzimbiri (zitsulo zophimbidwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zitsulo zosagonjetsedwa ndi dzimbiri) komanso imapangitsa kuti maonekedwe azioneka bwino.
Mfundo yaikulu
Kupaka ma electroplating kumafuna mphamvu yamagetsi yochepa komanso yamphamvu yomwe imapereka mphamvu ku thanki yopaka ma electroplating ndi chipangizo chamagetsi chokhala ndi yankho lopaka ma electrolytic, zigawo zomwe ziyenera kupakidwa (cathode) ndi anode. Njira yopaka ma electroplating ndi njira yomwe ma ayoni achitsulo mu yankho lopaka ma electrode amachepetsedwa kukhala ma atomu achitsulo kudzera mu ma electrode reactions pansi pa mphamvu yamagetsi akunja, ndipo chitsulo chimayikidwa pa cathode.
Zipangizo zogwiritsidwa ntchito
Zophimba zambiri ndi zitsulo chimodzi kapena ma alloys, monga titaniyamu, palladium, zinki, cadmium, golide kapena mkuwa, bronze, ndi zina zotero; palinso zigawo zofalikira, monga nickel-silicon carbide, nickel-fluorinated graphite, ndi zina zotero; ndi zigawo zophimba, monga pa chitsulo Copper-nickel-chromium layer pa chitsulo, silver-indium layer pa chitsulo, ndi zina zotero. Kuwonjezera pa chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo, chitsulo ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zipangizo zoyambira zopangira ma electroplating zimaphatikizaponso zitsulo zopanda chitsulo, kapena mapulasitiki a ABS, polypropylene, polysulfone ndi mapulasitiki a phenolic. Komabe, mapulasitiki ayenera kuchitidwa chithandizo chapadera komanso chodziwitsidwa asanapangidwe ma electroplating.
Mtundu wopaka
1) Zophimba zachitsulo zamtengo wapatali: monga platinamu, golide, palladium, siliva;
2) Zophimba zitsulo zonse: monga platinamu yoyerekeza, mfuti yakuda, cobalt yopanda nikeli, mkuwa wakale, mkuwa wofiira wakale, siliva wakale, tini wakale, ndi zina zotero.
Malinga ndi zovuta za ndondomekoyi
1) Mitundu yonse yopangira: platinamu, golide, palladium, siliva, platinamu yoyerekeza, mfuti yakuda, cobalt yopanda nikeli, nikeli ya ngale, utoto wakuda wopangira utoto;
2) Zophimba zapadera: zophimba zakale (kuphatikiza patina wothira mafuta, patina wopaka utoto, patina wopangidwa ndi ulusi), zophimba zamitundu iwiri, zophimba mchenga, zophimba mzere wa burashi, ndi zina zotero.
1 platinamu
Ndi chitsulo chokwera mtengo komanso chosowa. Mtundu wake ndi woyera ngati siliva. Uli ndi makhalidwe okhazikika, umatha kuuma bwino, umalimba kwambiri komanso umakhala nthawi yayitali yosunga utoto. Ndi umodzi mwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya pamwamba pa electroplating. Kukhuthala kwake kuli pamwamba pa ma microns 0.03, ndipo palladium nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la pansi kuti likhale ndi mphamvu yabwino yogwirizana, ndipo chisindikizocho chimatha kusungidwa kwa zaka zoposa 5.
2 platinamu yonyenga
Chitsulo chopangira ma electroplating ndi copper-tin alloy (Cu/Zn), ndipo platinamu yoyerekeza imatchedwanso white copper-tin. Mtundu wake uli pafupi kwambiri ndi golide woyera ndipo ndi wachikasu pang'ono kuposa golide woyera. Nsaluyo ndi yofewa komanso yamoyo, ndipo chophimba pamwamba pake n'chosavuta kutha. Ngati chatsekedwa, chingasiyidwe kwa theka la chaka.
Golide atatu
Golide (Au) ndi chitsulo chamtengo wapatali. Chokongoletsera chodziwika bwino. Zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana: 24K, 18K, 14K. Ndipo motsatira izi kuyambira wachikasu mpaka wobiriwira, padzakhala kusiyana kwa mitundu pakati pa makulidwe osiyanasiyana. Ili ndi makhalidwe okhazikika ndipo kuuma kwake nthawi zambiri kumakhala 1/4-1/6 ya platinamu. Kukana kwake kutha ndi kwapakati. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yake yosungira utoto ndi yapakati. Golide wa duwa amapangidwa ndi aloyi wagolide-mkuwa. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwake, mtundu wake ndi wapakati pa chikasu chagolide ndi chofiira. Poyerekeza ndi golide wina, ndi wamoyo kwambiri, wovuta kuwongolera mtundu, ndipo nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nthawi yosungira mitundu siilinso yabwino ngati mitundu ina yagolide ndipo imasintha mtundu mosavuta.
4 siliva
Siliva (Ag) ndi chitsulo choyera chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri. Siliva imasintha mtundu mosavuta ikakumana ndi ma sulfide ndi ma chloride mumlengalenga. Kuphimba kwa siliva nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito chitetezo cha electrolytic ndi chitetezo cha electrophoresis kuti zitsimikizire kuti pulasitikiyo imakhala ndi moyo wautali. Pakati pawo, moyo wa chitetezo cha electrophoresis ndi wautali kuposa wa electrolysis, koma ndi wachikasu pang'ono, zinthu zonyezimira zimakhala ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono, ndipo mtengo wake udzawonjezekanso. Electrophoresis imapangidwa pa 150°C, ndipo zinthu zotetezedwa nazo sizophweka kukonzanso ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatayidwa. Silver electrophoresis imatha kusungidwa kwa chaka choposa chimodzi popanda kusintha mtundu.
Mfuti yakuda 5
Zinthu zachitsulo monga nickel/zinc alloy Ni/Zn), zomwe zimatchedwanso mfuti yakuda kapena nickel yakuda. Mtundu wa plating ndi wakuda, imvi pang'ono. Kukhazikika kwa pamwamba ndikwabwino, koma kumakonda kupaka utoto pamlingo wotsika. Mtundu wa plating uwu uli ndi nickel ndipo sungagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga plating yopanda nickel. Plating ya utoto sikophweka kukonzanso ndikukonzanso.
Ma nickel 6
Nickel (Ni) ndi yoyera ngati imvi ndipo ndi chitsulo cholimba komanso cholimba kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chotsekera popangira ma electroplating kuti ipititse patsogolo moyo wa electroplating. Ili ndi mphamvu yabwino yoyeretsa mumlengalenga ndipo imatha kukana dzimbiri kuchokera mumlengalenga. Nickel ndi yolimba komanso yofooka, kotero siyoyenera zinthu zomwe zimafuna kusintha nthawi yopangira ma electroplating. Zinthu zopangidwa ndi nickel zikawonongeka, chophimbacho chimachotsedwa. Nickel ingayambitse ziwengo pakhungu mwa anthu ena.
7 Chophimba cha tin-cobalt chopanda nikeli
Zipangizo zake ndi tin-cobalt alloy (Sn/Co). Utoto wake ndi wakuda, pafupi ndi mfuti yakuda (yotuwa pang'ono kuposa mfuti yakuda), ndipo ndi plating yakuda yopanda nickel. Pamwamba pake ndi pokhazikika, ndipo electroplating yochepa imakonda kuoneka ngati yamtundu. Plating ya utoto sikophweka kuikonzanso ndikuisintha.
Nikeli wa ngale 8
Zinthu zake ndi nickel, yomwe imatchedwanso nickel yamchenga. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la pansi lomwe laphimbidwa kale la mtundu wa chifunga. Ili ndi utoto wa imvi, pamwamba pa galasi losawala, looneka ngati chifunga chofewa, ngati satin. Mlingo wa atomization ndi wosakhazikika. Popanda chitetezo chapadera, chifukwa cha mphamvu ya zinthu zopangira mchenga, pakhoza kukhala kusintha kwa mtundu pakhungu.
Mtundu wa chifunga wa 9
Imachokera ku nikeli ya ngale kuti iwonjezere mtundu pamwamba. Ili ndi mphamvu yochita kupanga zinthu mopupuluma komanso yosalimba. Njira yake yopangira zinthu mopupuluma ndi nikeli ya ngale yopangidwa kale. Chifukwa chakuti mphamvu ya atomization ya nikeli ya ngale ndi yovuta kuyilamulira, mtundu wa pamwamba sugwirizana ndipo umakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mtundu wa plating uwu sungagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi plating yopanda nikeli kapena ndi miyala ikatha kupangidwa. Mtundu wa plating uwu ndi wosavuta kuusakaniza, choncho chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa ku chitetezo.
Ma waya ophimbidwa ndi burashi 10
Pambuyo popaka mkuwa, mizere imapakidwa pa mkuwa, kenako mtundu wa pamwamba umawonjezeredwa. Pali tanthauzo la mizere. Mtundu wake wooneka ndi wofanana ndi wa mtundu wamba wopaka, koma kusiyana kwake ndikuti pali mizere pamwamba. Mawaya opaka singakhale opanda nickel. Chifukwa cha kupaka opanda nickel, nthawi yawo yogwira ntchito siingatsimikizidwe.
11 kuphulitsa mchenga
Kupukuta mchenga ndi njira imodzi yopangira utoto wa chifunga pogwiritsa ntchito electroplating. Kupukuta kwa mkuwa kumapangidwa ndi mchenga kenako kumapangidwa ndi electroplating. Pamwamba pake pali mchenga, ndipo mtundu womwewo wa matte ndi wowonekera bwino kuposa momwe umaonekera ngati mchenga. Monga kupukuta burashi, kupukuta kopanda nickel sikungachitike.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-23-2023
