Utshintsho ngalunye lwemveliso lufana ne-makeup yabantu. Umphezulu kufuneka ugqunywe ngeengqimba ezahlukeneyo zomxholo ukuze kugqitywe inkqubo yokuhombisa umphezulu. Ubukhulu bengubo bubonakaliswa ngee-microns. Ngokubanzi, ububanzi beenwele bungama-microns angamashumi asixhenxe okanye amashumi asibhozo, kwaye i-metal coating yi-1000 yayo. Imveliso yenziwe ngokudibanisa iintsimbi ezahlukeneyo kwaye igqunywe ngeengqimba ezahlukeneyo zeentsimbi ukuze kugqitywe inkqubo yokwenza i-makeup. Eli nqaku lazisa ngokufutshane ulwazi olufanelekileyo lwe-electroplating kunye ne-color plating. Umxholo umele ubhekiswe kubahlobo abathenga kwaye banikezele ngeenkqubo zokupakisha ezikumgangatho ophezulu:
I-Electroplating yinkqubo esebenzisa umgaqo we-electrolysis ukufaka umaleko omncinci wezinye iintsimbi okanye ii-alloys kumphezulu weentsimbi ezithile. Yinkqubo esebenzisa i-electrolysis ukuncamathisela ifilimu yesinyithi kumphezulu wesinyithi okanye ezinye iindawo zezinto ukuthintela i-oxidation yesinyithi (njengomhlwa), iphucula ukumelana nokuguguleka, ukuqhuba, ukubonakalisa, ukumelana nokugqwala (iintsimbi ezigqunywe nge-coated zininzi zeentsimbi ezimelana nokugqwala) kwaye iphucula inkangeleko.
Umgaqo
Ukufakelwa kwe-electroplating kufuna umbane ophantsi, osebenza ngamandla aphezulu, onika amandla kwitanki yokufakelwa kwe-electroplating kunye nesixhobo se-electrolytic esiqulathe isisombululo sokufakelwa kwe-plating, iindawo eziza kufakelwa i-plating (i-cathode) kunye ne-anode. Inkqubo yokufakelwa kwe-electroplating yinkqubo apho ii-ion zesinyithi kwisisombululo sokufakelwa kwe-plating zincitshiswa zibe zii-athomu zesinyithi ngokusebenzisa ii-electrode reactions phantsi kwesenzo sentsimi yombane yangaphandle, kwaye ukufakwa kwesinyithi kwenziwa kwi-cathode.
Izinto ezisebenzayo
Uninzi lwezigqubuthelo ziintsimbi ezingenanto okanye ii-alloys, ezifana ne-titanium, i-palladium, i-zinc, i-cadmium, igolide okanye i-brass, i-bronze, njl.njl.; kukwakho neengqimba zokusasazeka, ezifana ne-nickel-silicon carbide, i-nickel-fluorinated graphite, njl.njl.; kunye neengqimba zokugquma, ezifana nentsimbi yentsimbi ye-Copper-nickel-chromium kwintsimbi, isilivere-indium kwintsimbi, njl.njl. Ukongeza kwintsimbi esekwe kwisinyithi, intsimbi kunye nentsimbi engagqwaliyo, izinto ezisisiseko zokufaka i-electroplating ziquka neentsimbi ezingezizo i-ferrous, okanye iiplastiki ze-ABS, i-polypropylene, i-polysulfone kunye neeplastiki ze-phenolic. Nangona kunjalo, iiplastiki kufuneka zifumane unyango olukhethekileyo lokuvuselela kunye nolwenzwa ngaphambi kokuba zifake i-electroplating.
Umbala wokugquma
1) Ipleyiti yesinyithi exabisekileyo: efana neplatinum, igolide, ipalladium, isilivere;
2) Ukugqunywa kwesinyithi ngokubanzi: okufana neplatinum yokulinganisa, umpu omnyama, i-cobalt yetin engenanikeli, ubhedu lwamandulo, ubhedu olubomvu lwamandulo, isilivere yamandulo, i-tin yamandulo, njl.
Ngokwendlela oluntsonkothile ngayo olu nkqubo
1) Imibala yokugquma ngokubanzi: iplatinum, igolide, ipalladium, isilivere, iplatinum yokuyila, umpu omnyama, i-cobalt yetin engenanikeli, i-nikeli yeeperile, iplatifomu yopende omnyama;
2) Ukugquma okukhethekileyo: ukugquma kwakudala (kubandakanya i-patina enamafutha, i-patina edayiweyo, i-patina enemisonto), ukugquma kwesanti okunemibala emibini, ukugquma kwemigca yebrashi, njl.njl.
Iplatinam e-1
Yintsimbi ebiza kakhulu nenqabileyo. Umbala wayo umhlophe njengesilivere. Ineempawu ezizinzileyo, iyamelana nokuguguleka kakuhle, inobunzima obuphezulu kwaye ihlala ixesha elide igcina umbala. Yenye yezona mibala zibalaseleyo zomphezulu we-electroplating. Ubukhulu bayo bungaphezulu kwe-0.03 microns, kwaye i-palladium isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengomaleko osezantsi ukuze ibe nefuthe elihle lokusebenzisana, kwaye isitywina singagcinwa iminyaka engaphezu kwemi-5.
Iiplatinam ezi-2 zokulinganisa
Isinyithi esifakelwayo yi-copper-tin alloy (Cu/Zn), kwaye i-identification platinum ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-white copper-tin. Umbala usondele kakhulu kwigolide emhlophe kwaye utyheli kancinci kunegolide emhlophe. Le nto ithambile kwaye iyaphila, kwaye umphezulu wogquma kulula ukuwucima. Ukuba ivaliwe, ingashiywa kangangesiqingatha sonyaka.
Igolide ezi-3
Igolide (Au) yintsimbi exabisekileyo. Ipleyiti yokuhombisa eqhelekileyo. Ubungakanani obahlukeneyo bezithako buvela kwimibala eyahlukeneyo: 24K, 18K, 14K. Kwaye ngolu hlobo ukusuka kumthubi ukuya kuluhlaza, kuya kubakho umahluko kumbala phakathi kobukhulu obahlukeneyo. Ineempawu ezizinzileyo kwaye ubunzima bayo ngokubanzi yi-1/4-1/6 yeplatinum. Ukumelana kwayo nokuguguleka kuphakathi. Ke ngoko, ixesha layo lombala liphakathi. Igolide yerose yenziwe nge-alloy yegolide-yobhedu. Ngokwemilinganiselo, umbala uphakathi komthubi wegolide nobomvu. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye igolide, inomdla ngakumbi, kunzima ukulawula umbala, kwaye idla ngokuba nomahluko kumbala. Ixesha lokugcina umbala nalo alilungile njengeminye imibala yegolide kwaye itshintsha umbala ngokulula.
Isilivere ezi-4
Isilivere (Ag) yintsimbi emhlophe esabela kakhulu. Isilivere itshintsha umbala ngokulula xa ivezwa kwi-sulfides kunye ne-chloride emoyeni. I-Silver plating ngokubanzi isebenzisa ukhuseleko lwe-electrolytic kunye nokhuseleko lwe-electrophoresis ukuqinisekisa ubomi be-plating. Phakathi kwazo, ubomi benkonzo yokhuseleko lwe-electrophoresis bude kunobo be-electrolysis, kodwa inombala otyheli kancinci, iimveliso ezikhazimlayo ziya kuba nemingxunya emincinci, kwaye ixabiso liya kwanda. I-Electrophoresis yenziwa kwi-150°C, kwaye iimveliso ezikhuselwe yiyo akulula ukuzilungisa kwakhona kwaye zihlala zilahlwa. I-Silver electrophoresis inokugcinwa ixesha elingaphezu konyaka ngaphandle kokutshintsha umbala.
Isibhamu esimnyama esi-5
Izinto zesinyithi ze-nickel/zinc alloy Ni/Zn), ezikwabizwa ngokuba yi-gun black okanye black nickel. Umbala we-plating umnyama, ungwevu kancinci. Uzinzo lomphezulu lulungile, kodwa luthanda ukudaya imibala kumanqanaba aphantsi. Lo mbala we-plating ngokwawo uqulethe i-nickel kwaye awunakusetyenziselwa i-plating engena-nickel. I-color plating akulula ukuyilungisa nokuyilungisa.
Ii-nickels ezi-6
I-Nickel (Ni) ingwevu-mhlophe kwaye yintsimbi enobunzima obugqwesileyo. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengomaleko wokutywina we-electroplating ukuphucula ubomi benkonzo ye-electroplating. Inamandla okucoca kakuhle emoyeni kwaye inokumelana nokugqwala okuvela emoyeni. I-Nickel iqinile kwaye iyaphuka, ngoko ayifanelekanga kwiimveliso ezifuna ukuguqulwa ngexesha le-electroplating. Xa iimveliso ze-nickel-plated ziguquguquka, ulusu luya kuphuma. I-Nickel inokubangela i-allergies kulusu kwabanye abantu.
Iplati ye-tin-cobalt engena-nickel eyi-7
Le nto yenziwe nge-tin-cobalt alloy (Sn/Co). Umbala umnyama, usondele kwisibhamu esimnyama (singwevu kancinci kunesibhamu esimnyama), kwaye sisitya esimnyama esingena nickel. Umphezulu uzinzile, kwaye inqanaba eliphantsi le-electroplating lithanda ukuba nombala. Isitya sombala akulula ukusilungisa nokusilungisa.
I-nickel yeeperile ezi-8
Izinto zayo yi-nickel, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-sand nickel. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa njengomaleko osezantsi ogqityiweyo wenkqubo yombala wenkungu. Ingwevu ngombala, umphezulu wesibuko ongakhazimliyo, enembonakalo ethambileyo efana nenkungu, njenge-satin. Inqanaba le-atomization alizinzanga. Ngaphandle kokhuseleko olukhethekileyo, ngenxa yempembelelo yezinto ezenza isanti, kunokubakho ukutshintsha kombala xa udibana nolusu.
Umbala wenkungu we-9
Isekelwe kwi-nickel yeperile ukongeza umbala womphezulu. Inefuthe lokufiphala kwaye ayibonakali. Indlela yayo yokwenza i-electroplating yi-nickel yeperile esele ibekwe ngaphambili. Ngenxa yokuba isiphumo se-atomization se-nickel yeperile kunzima ukuyilawula, umbala womphezulu awuhambelani kwaye uthambekele ekwahlukeni kombala. Lo mbala we-plating awunakusetyenziswa kwi-plating engena-nickel okanye ngelitye emva kwe-plating. Lo mbala we-plating kulula ukuwunyibilikisa, ngoko ke kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngokukodwa ukhuseleko.
Iplati yentsimbi yebhrashi ezili-10
Emva kokugqunywa ngentsimbi, imigca ixutywa kwintsimbi, emva koko kongezwa umbala womphezulu. Kukho intsingiselo yemigca. Umbala wokubonakala kwayo ufana nombala wokugqunywa ngokubanzi, kodwa umahluko kukuba kukho imigca kumphezulu. Iingcingo zokuxunywa azinakuba yi-nickel-free plating. Ngenxa yokugqunywa ngentsimbi engena-nickel, ubomi bazo abunakuqinisekiswa.
11 ukuqhumisa isanti
Ukuqhumisa isanti kukwayindlela enye yokwenza umbala wenkungu nge-electroplating. Ukugquma kobhedu kuyagquma isanti emva koko kugquma nge-electroplating. Umphezulu we-matte unesanti, kwaye umbala ofanayo we-matte ubonakala ngakumbi kunesiphumo sesanti. Njengokugquma ngebrashi, ukugquma okungena-nickel akunakwenziwa.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-23-2023
