Ukukhetha Izikhongozeli Zokhathalelo Lolusu Ngokweentlobo Zezithako

Xa ifomula yakho yodidi oluphezulu ingasebenzi, gxeka ibhotile. Izikhongozeli zokhathalelo lolusu ezihambelana kakuhle zinokusindisa uphawu lwakho ekuwohlokeni okubiza kakhulu.

Wakha wayibukela ikrimu yobuso yodidi oluphezulu ijika ibe krakra ngaphambi kwexesha layo? Ayilothamsanqa nje elo—ngokuqhelekileyo yisitya esibangela ukuba izithako zakho zibe mdaka.Izikhongozeli zokhathalelo lolusuazizizo nje izitya ezintle ezihleli eshelufini; zingamaqhawe angadunyiswanga (okanye iinjubaqa) zokusebenza kwemveliso. Imbiza ingabonakala ngathi ifaneleka kwindawo yokusela—kodwa ufake ifomula ye-retinol ebuthathaka kwioksijini apho ngaphandle kokhuseleko, kwaye uya kuba nengxaki.

Abathengi abakhulu bayazi: umnxeba omnye ongalunganga wokupakisha unokunciphisa iiodolo eziphindaphindwayo ngokukhawuleza kunokuba unokuthi “i-oxidation.” Ngokutsho kwenjineli ephezulu yezinto zeTopfeelpack, “Sibone abathengi belahlekelwa zizinto ezininzi ngenxa yokukhethaI-PETkwiifomyula ezinamafutha amaninzi—I-HDPEngewayekwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo.”

Kulapho izinto ziba mnandi khona. Kuba ukufanisa ii-serum zakho ze-vitamin C, i-shea butter blends, okanye ii-hyaluronic acid gels nebhotile efanelekileyo akuyonto nje isayensi ekrelekrele—kukuphila kophawu.

Iintlobo zeeKhonteyina zoLondolozo lweLusu ngokwezinto eziphathekayo

Ukuhlola indlela izinto ezahlukeneyo ezibumba ngayo umsebenzi kunye nemvakalelo yazoIzikhongozeli zokhathalelo lolusu.

Iibhotile zePlastic zePET ezingenamoya

• Iplastiki yePETyinto ekhethwayo kwabo bafuna ukukhanya ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kukuqina.
• Iimpompo engenamoyaigcina iifomyula zintsha, ixesha elide—akukho moya, akukho oxidation.
• Eziiibhotileziyaphinda zisetyenziswe, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zibe lukhetho oluhle kwiimpawu ezikhathalele indalo.

1. Ikhusela imveliso yakho ngesixhobo esingabonakaliyoisithintelo seoksijini.
2. Iqinisekisa ukuba igudileyo kwaye ilawulwaukusasaza, nokuba usebenzisa iiloshini ezityebileyo.

Ifanelekile kwiikiti zokuhamba okanye iinkqubo zokhathalelo lolusu zemihla ngemihla.

Iibhotile zeGlasi zeDropper kunye neeVial zeSpray

Uza kufumanaiibhotile zeglasi zedrophaephethe iiserum ezikumgangatho ophezulu phantse kuyo yonke imisebenzi yobunewunewu.

• Ukumelana kwazo neekhemikhali kuzenza zilungele izithako ezinamandla ezifana nee-asidi okanye i-retinol.

• Idropper ivumela ukuchaneka xa kusetyenziswa iioyile okanye izinto ezisebenzayo—akukho nkunkuma, akukho ngxubakaxaka.

Ngokwengxelo ka-2024 eyenziwe ngu-IMintel, “Abathengi badibanisa ngakumbi ukupakishwa kweglasi nobunyulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.”

Umbala okhuselekileyo kwi-UV kwezinye zeziiibhotile zokutshizaikhusela iifomyula ezibuthathaka ekonakalisweni lilanga.

Iimpompo zeLotion zeAluminiyam kunye nokuPakishwa kweTube

1. Qala ngamandlai-aluminiyamu, ekwaziyo ukumelana nokugqwala nokuba kukho iikhrimu ezine-asidi.
2. Yongeza izinto ezihonjisiweyo ezintle njengesinyithi esibrashiweyo okanye ipolishi yesipili—iyayixabisa kakhulu inkathalo yolusu.
3. Yidibanise netywinwe kakuhleiimpompo zeloshini, ngoko akukho nto ivuzayo kwibhegi yakho yokuzilungisa.

Ezi tyhubhu zintle kakhulu—zibonelela ngokhuseleko lwexesha elide ngenxa yokuqina kwangaphakathiiipropati zokuthintela, ingakumbi kwizithambiso ezibola lula xaukupakishwa kwetyhubhu.

Iibhotile ze-HDPE zePlastic Roll-On kunye neeJar eziphinda zigcwaliswe

Nanku apho ukusebenza kudibana khona nokuzinza:

Ilula kodwa inzima—Iplastiki yeHDPEayiqhekeki phantsi koxinzelelo (ngokoqobo).

Iirola ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zenza kube lula ukusebenzisa ii-deodorants okanye ii-muscle balms xa useluhambeni.

Uninzi lweemodeli zenzelwe ukuba zisetyenziswe kwakhona okanyeiijagi ezinokuzaliswa kwakhona, ukunciphisa inkcitho kakhulu.

Ishelufu emfutshane? Akukho ngxaki—ezi zakhiwo zincinci zingena naphi na ngelixa zisabonelela ngokusebenza okugcweleyo kwiimo zazo eziqinileyo ezifana neejagi ezimfutshane okanye ii-roll-ons ezincinci.

Iibhotile ze-Acrylic Cream kunye neebhotile zeDispenser

Masiyihlalutye le nto:

• Ubuhle: Ukucaca okuqaqambileyo kunika ezi zikhongozeli umoya wobunewunewu bokwenene.
  • Cinga ngeekhawuntara ze-spa kunye neeshelufu ze-boutique eziphezulu.
• Umsebenzi: Uninzi luza neempompo ezingenamoya ezifihliweyo ngaphakathi kweegobolondo zangaphandle ezinesitayile. Uphawu: Ukunyathela okushushu kubonakala kubukhaliiijagi zekhrimu ye-acrylic, ifanelekile ekuqalisweni kohlelo olulinganiselweyo.
  • Igcina ikhrimu yakho ikhuselekile ekungcoleni emva kokusetyenziswa ngakunye.

Ukudibana kokubonakala kunye nokuqina kwenza okuiibhotile zokuhambisailungele imigca yokhathalelo lolusu edumileyo ejonge ukugqama ngelixa igcina izinto zisebenza ngasemva.

Kwaye ewe—zakhiwe ukuze zihlale ixesha elide xa ziwa, zichitheka, kwaye zisetyenziswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yiloo mphetho icwebezelayo oyihlawulele kwasekuqaleni.

Izinto ezi-4 ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kwiikhonteyina zokhathalelo lolusu

Ukukhetha okulungileyoIzikhongozeli zokhathalelo lolusuAyisiyonto nje yokubonakala—imalunga nokukhusela ifomula yakho kunye nokugcina abathengi bonwabile.

Indlela ukhetho lwezinto eziphathekayo oluchaphazela ngayo uzinzo lwezithako

Okungalungangaizinto zokupakishaingadlala imveliso yakho ngokukhawuleza kunokuba ucinga. Ezinye izithako azisabela kakuhle kwi-plasticizers okanye kwiintsimbi, nto leyo ekhokelela kwingxaki enkuluukonakala kwezithakoYiyo loo nto iimpawu ezikumgangatho ophezulu zihlala zikhetha iglasi okanye i-PET—zibonelela ngconoukumelana neekhemikhali, ukugcina ezo zinto zixabisekileyoizithako ezisebenzayoikhuselekile kwaye izinzile.

• Iglasi ayisebenzi kakuhle kwaye ifanelekile kwizinto ezibuthathaka ezifana ne-retinol.
• I-PET imelana nokufuma kunye neoksijini ngcono kuneeplastiki eziqhelekileyo.
• Yiphephe i-PVC; ingangenisa iikhemikhali kwiifomyula.

Ngamafutshane, izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zinceda ekwandiseni imveliso yakhobeka ubomi kwishelufangelixa igcina izibonelelo zayo ezipheleleyo.

Ukuphepha ukuvuza ngeendlela zokuvala eziphambili

Akukho mntu ufuna iloshini iqhume ebhegini yakhe. Kulapho ke kulumkileyo khonaiinkqubo zokuvalangena. Ukusuka kwiimpompo ezitshixayo ukuya kwii-flip-top caps, ezi zakhiwo zigxile kwii-tight seal kunye nokusetyenziswa okulula.

1. Izivalo zezikrufu + izitywino zangaphakathi = ukhuseleko lokuvuza oluneeleya ezimbini
2. Iimpompo ezingenamoya = ukuvezwa kancinci komoya + ukucoca
3. Izivalo ezibonakalayo = uxolo lwengqondo kubo bobabini uphawu kunye nomthengi

Ukulingana kakuhle phakathi kweentamo zeebhotile kunye nokuvalwa kwazo kugcina ixesha elideukuthembeka kwetywina, ingakumbi ngexesha lovavanyo loxinzelelo lokuthunyelwa.

Iziqinisekiso kunye nemigangatho: Ukuthobela i-ISO 9001, i-FDA, i-REACH

Xa ukhetha iqela lakho elilandelayoIzikhongozeli zokhathalelo lolusu, jonga ukuba umthengisi ufumene amanqaku afanelekileyo na—ngokoqobo. Iziqinisekiso ziqinisekisa ukuba yonke ibhotile iyahlangabezana nemithetho yokhuseleko engqongqo kwiimarike zehlabathi.

I-ISO 9001= eqinileyoulawulo lomgangatho

I-FDA-izinto ezihambelanayo = zikhuselekile ekunxibelelaneni nolusu

Ukuthobela i-REACH = kudlula kwinqanaba elinzima le-EUimithetho yezinto eziphathekayo

Ezi azizozitampu nje kuphela—zibonisa ukuthembela ngokwenene kumgangatho wokwenziwa kwemveliso kunye noxanduva lokusingqongileyo.

Ukusebenzisa iimpawu zokusebenza ezifana nokukhuselwa kwe-UV

Iikhrimu ezibuthathaka ekukhanyeni zifuna okungaphezulu nje kwebhotile entle. Ukupakisha okukrelekrele kusebenzisa izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ezifana neendonga ezinombala okanye iileya ezifakwe iileya ukuvimba ukukhanya—kwaye oko kuthetha iziphumo ezihlala ixesha elide kubasebenzisi.

• Iibhotile zeglasi ezinemibala ziyanciphisa imisebe ye-UV

• Ukugqitywa okuneqhwa kongeza isitayile ngelixa kwandisa ukungabonakali kakuhle

• Iindonga zeplastiki ezineengqimba ezininzi zenza imiqobo yokukhanya esebenzayo

Nganye kwezi zinto iphucula ngokubanziukugcinwa kwemveliso, ingakumbi xa usebenza ngee-antioxidants okanye iioyile zendalo ezithandwa kukubola ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba ufaka nantoni na engayithandiyo ilanga ebhotileni, qiniseka ukuba isitya sakho sinamandla aneleyoIzihluzi ze-UVibhakiwe ngaphakathi.

Iimpompo vs. Iidropper kwiZikhongozeli zoLondolozo lolusu

Ukukhetha isixhobo sokuhambisa imveliso yakho esifanelekileyo akupheleli nje ekujongeni—kuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni, ucoceko, kunye namava omsebenzisi.

Impompo

Xa kufikwa kwiimveliso zokhathalelo lolusu ezityebileyo ezifanaukhilimu, ijeli, okanye ukuxinana okuphezuluiserum, indlela yokumpompa idla ngokuba yeyona ifanelekileyo. Nantsi indlela eqhekeka ngayo:

A. Ukusebenza kunye noLawulo

• Iimpompo zibonelela ngedosi ehambelanayo, ukuze ungagqithisi.

• Uyilo lwazo luthintela ukuvezwa emoyeni, nto leyo egcina iifomyula zizinzile ixesha elide—ingakumbi eziluncedo kwii-emulsions ezinobuthathaka.

B. Ucoceko kunye noLondolozo

1. Ikakhulungaphandle komoyainkqubo inceda ekuthinteleni i-oxidation kunye nongcoliseko.

2. Oku kubalulekile kwizithako ezisebenzayo eziwohloka ngokukhawuleza xa zichatshazelwa yioksijini okanye ukukhanya.

C. Ukuhambelana neendidi zeemveliso

• Isebenza kakuhle kwiimveliso ezithambileyo eziphakathi ukuya kweziphezulu ezifana neeloshini kunye neeserum ezityebileyo.

• Ayilungelanga izisombululo zamanzi ngenxa yokunqongophala kwamanzi.

D. Izinto Ezichaphazela Amava Omsebenzisi

1. Kulula ukuyisebenzisa ngesandla esinye kwenza iipompo zibe lula kakhulu kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.

2. Ukungcola okuncinci—akukho kuvuza okanye ukuchitheka okufana nokufumaneka kwiibhotile okanye kwiityhubhu ezivulekileyo.

Ngamafutshane, ukuba upakisha i-moisturizer etyebileyo okanye ifomula exineneyo yokulwa nokwaluphalaisikhongozeli sokhathalelo lolusu, ipompo izisa ucoceko kunye nokulula etafileni.

Idropper

Iidropper ziyakhanya xa ukuchaneka kubalulekile—kwaye oko kudla ngokuba njalo kwiifomyula zokhathalelo lolusu ezigcinwe kwiibhotile zeglasi.

• Ufumana ulawulo oluchanekileyo malunga nomthamo; cinezela nje uze ukhulule.
• Ilungele ulwelo olukhaphukhaphu olufana neeoyile zezityalo, izinto ezisebenza emanzini, okanye naziphi na izinto ezisetyenziswa emanziniamanzi, umxube onomsinga ophantsi.
• Ngenxa yobuhle bazo, iidropper zihlala zidityaniswa nezinyeebuthathaka, izikhongozeli ezibonakala zikumgangatho ophezulu—cinga ngeebhotile zeglasi ezi-amber kwi-vanity yakho.
• Zilunge kakhulu xa kusetyenziswa iiserum zonyango eziwela ngethontsi kwiindawo ezijoliswe kuzo—ezifana namabala amnyama okanye imigca emincinci.
• Oko kuthethiweyo, zinokuba mdaka kakhulu ukuba aziphathwa kakuhle kuba zibonakala xa zisetyenziswa.
• Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqaphela: nangona zintle, iidropper azisoloko zilungele ukuhamba—zinokuvuza ukuba azivalwanga kakuhle.

Ngoko ke ukuba ufaka into enamandla nelulwelo ebhotileni yakhoIzikhongozeli zokhathalelo lolusu, idropper isenokuba yindlela ekrelekrele ngakumbi—yokuchaneka kunye nokubonisa.

Ngaba iiMpompo ezingenamoya zingayithintela i-Oxidation ngempumelelo?

Iinkqubo ezingenamoya zitshintsha indlela ezisebenza ngayo ukugcina iifomyula zintsha. Nantsi indlela ezilwa ngayo ne-oxidation kuzo zonke iikona.

Indlela iteknoloji engenamoya esusa ngayo isithuba sentloko

• Ukukhupha i-vacuumitsala imveliso ngaphandle kokuvumela umoya ungene kwakhona.
• Itywinwe ngokuqinileyouyilo lwepistoniqinisekisa ukuba akukho oxygen ingenayo xa kusetyenziswa imveliso.
• Le teknoloji ithetha ukuba ulusu alubonakali kakhulu = ukhathalelo lwesikhumba oluhlala ixesha elide.

Ngamafutshane, ngokuphelisa loo nto ikhathazayoindawo yentloko, iimpompo ezingenamoya zithintela ioksijini ekuphazamiseni ifomula yakho. Kufana nokutsha okufinyezwayo ngaphakathi kwimpompo nganye.

Indima yezinto ezithintela i-UV ekuthinteleni i-oxidation

• Ukupakisha okunemibala akupheleli nje ekujongeni—yisayensi. Ukuvala ukukhanya kunceda ukuthintelaukwenziwa kwe-photooxidation, ingakumbi kwiifomyula ezigcwele izinto ezisebenzayo.

• Izinto ezifana neglasi ye-amber okanye iiplastiki ezingacacanga zihluza imitha ebukhali eyonakalisa izithako ngokuhamba kwexesha.

• Iimpawu zihlala zisebenzisa ezakhelwe ngaphakathiIzihluzi ze-UVukukhusela kumonakalo wokukhanya obonakalayo nongabonakaliyo.

Isikhongozeli esenziwe kakuhle sinciphisa ukubola okubangelwa kukuvezwa yi-UV, nto leyo egcina i-serum okanye ikhrimu yakho inamandla ixesha elide—akusekho vithamini C etyheli!

Uthelekiso lwentsebenzo yomqobo we-PET vs. HDPE

I-PET iyaphumelela xa kufikwa ekuthinteleni ioksijini—ukungena kwayo okuncinci kwenza ukuba ibe yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiifomyula ezinobuthathaka zanamhlanjeIzikhongozeli zokhathalelo lolusuKwiimpawu ezijolise ekudaleni ubomi obude nokuzinza, i-PET ikrelekrele kune-HDPE.

Ulawulo lwe-oxidation oluvavanywe kwilebhu kwiinkqubo ezingenamoya

1. Izazinzulu zibeke iikhrimu ezifanayo kwiintlobo ezimbini zokupakisha: iijagi zemveli kunye neempompo ezingenamoya.
2. Kwiiveki ezintandathu, benze uvavanyo lokwaluphala olukhawulezileyo phantsi kobushushu kunye nokufuma.
3. Ifomula evezwe kwibhotile ibonise ukonakala kwezithako ngaphezulu kwama-40%.
4. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, leyo ingaphakathi kwenkqubo engenamoya yayigcina ubunjani, ivumba, kunye nombala ngcono.

Ezi ziphumo zingqina ukuba zibalulekile: ukuba uzimisele ukukhusela ifomula yakho—nokunika abathengi amava amatsha—ukungabi namoya yindlela efanelekileyo.

Uyilo lwepompo oluphambili lweTopfeelpack ludibanisa zonke ezi mpawu kuluhlu lwazo lwamva nje lokusebenza okuphezuluIzikhongozeli zokhathalelo lolusu, okwenza i-oxidation ibe yinto enye ekufuneka ukhathazeke ngayo.

Ukuguquka: Kutheni iiMpompo ezingenamoya zikhanya ngaphezu kweengqayi zemveli ezikwizikhongozeli zokhathalelo lolusu

I-Airless tech itshintsha indlela esigcina kwaye sisebenzisa ngayo iifomyula zethu zobuhle esizithandayo—nasi isizathu sokuba iphumelele kwiinketho zemveli.

Iingqayi zemveli: ungcoliseko kunye neengozi zokuxinana

• Iimbiza zesintuvula kwakhona, uvumele umoya ungene ngalo lonke ixesha. Kulapho ingxaki iqala khona.
• Izinto ezingcolisayo ezivela kwiminwe okanye kwiispatula zixutywa nemveliso yakho, zithandekaukukhula kwebhaktheriyaoko kunokuchitha ulusu lwakho ixesha elide.
• Okukhona umoya ubonakala ngakumbi, izithako ziyawohloka ngokukhawuleza—indlela ecacileyoioksijini, nto leyo ekhokelela kwingxaki enkuluukonakala kwezithako.

1. Imbiza evulekileyo → ifomula eveziweyo
2. Ifomula eveziweyo → amathuba aphezulu okonakala
3. Imveliso eyonakeleyo = ukucaphuka okanye ukuchitha imali

Ayisiyonto imbi nje kuphela—oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka ezinye izithinteli zokugcina izinto zizinzile, nto leyo engafanelekanga kwiintlobo zolusu ezibuthathaka.

Ukuhlaziya okuqhubekayo kwefomula kunye neempompo ezingenamoya

Nantsi indlela yokwenzaiimpompo ezingenamoyagcina umdlalo wakho wokhathalelo lolusu utsha:

• Basebenzisa igumbi elivaliweyo elithintela ioksijini ukuba ingangeni, ligcina izinto ezithambileyo ezifana nevithamini C kunye neepeptides.

• Kwimpompo nganye, kuphuma kuphela into oyifunayo—akukho kubuyela umva, akukho ngxolo, akukho qela leentsholongwane ngaphakathi ebhotileni.

• Le teknoloji igcina iifomyula zizinzile ixesha elide ngaphandle kokuzigcwalisa ngezithinteli.

Isiphumo? Ukusebenza ngcono ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye nokwakheka okuhlala kufana ukusuka kwipompo yokuqala ukuya kweyokugqibela—impumelelo yomibini kwimisebenzi yakho nakwisipaji sakho.

Uyilo oluzinzileyo olungenamoya oluzaliswayo

Masiyihlalutye ngamanani okwenyani:

*Ngokusekelwe kwimigangatho yohlalutyo lwangaphakathi lomjikelo wobomi ngabalawuli bokupakisha be-EU (2024)

Ezi zikhongozeli zesizukulwana esitsha azipheleli nje ekujongeni—zakhelwe imijikelo yokusetyenziswa ngokujikelezayo enciphisa inkunkuma yendawo yokulahla inkunkuma ngelixa zigcina iikhrimu zakho zicocekile ngaphakathiisikhongozeli esinokuzaliswa kwakhonainkqubo esebenzisa i-moderniteknoloji engenamoya.

Ngoko ke ukuba ucinga nge-eco vibes yexesha elide ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni ukusebenza? Ezi bhotile zincinci zintle zikamva lezinto ezikrelekrele nezizinzileyo.Izikhongozeli zokhathalelo lolusu.

Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga nezikhongozeli zokhathalelo lolusu

1. Zeziphi izinto ezithembeke kakhulu kwizikhongozeli zokhathalelo lolusu ezikumgangatho ophezulu?

Iplastiki yePET kunye neglasi zihlala ziphambili—I-PET igcina iikhrimu zikhanya ngaphaya komqobo wayo weoksijini, ngelixa iglasi ithwala iioyile ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kweekhemikhali. I-Acrylic yongeza ukukhanya njengelitye elinqabileyo esandleni; I-HDPE inika ukuqina xa uhambo lukhula ixesha elide. I-aluminium isonga iifomyula ngobuhle, ngakumbi xa igqityiwe nge-UV metallization okanye iqhwa ukuze iboniswe.

2. Iibhotile zepompo ezingenamoya zikhusela njani iifomyula ezithambileyo?

Itekhnoloji engenamoyaItsala idosi nganye phezulu ngendlela echanekileyo yepiston, ingavumeli ukhilimu omtsha okanye i-serum ukuba idibane nomoya ovulekileyo ide ichukumise ulusu. Olu daniso phakathi kwefomyula kunye ne-dispenser luthintela i-oxidation ngexesha leenyanga zokuhamba kunye nokugcinwa kwayo—ilungele ii-serum ezigcinwe kwimizimba ye-acrylic okanye ye-PET, ngaphezulu ziipompo ze-dispenser ezivakala zithambile kodwa ziqinile xa zicinezelwa.

3. Zeziphi izinto ezivalayo ezinika uxolo lwengqondo nxamnye nokuvuza nomonakalo?

• Izivalo ezijijekileyo zibopha ngokuqinileyo kwiphakheji yeetyhubhu kunye neebhotile zekhrimu ngexesha lokuhamba
• Izigqubuthelo zediski eziphezulu zivumela ulawulo olulula ngaphandle kokuchitheka ngengozi kweebhotile zokutshiza
• Ii-dropper assemblies zitsala amathontsi alinganisiweyo kwiibhotile zeglasi ezikhazimlayo ngobuhle

Isitywini esibonakala ngathi asibonakali sinokuthi sithenjwe sithetha into enye xa kuthengwa; ukuvalwa okuthintela abantwana kongeza olunye ungqimba lokuzola apho ukhuseleko lubaluleke kakhulu.

Iireferensi

[I-Mintel -https://www.mintel.com]

[Ulawulo loMgangatho lwe-ISO 9001 -https://www.iso.org]

[Iimveliso Zokuthambisa ze-FDA zaseMelika -https://www.fda.gov]

[Umgaqo we-ECHA REACH -https://echa.europa.eu]

[I-ScienceDirect Oxygen Permeability -https://www.sciencedirect.com]