Kushicilelwe ngoSepthemba 27, 2024 nguYidan Zhong
Ziyini izithasiselo zepulasitiki?
Izithasiselo zepulasitiki ziyizakhi zemvelo noma zokwenziwa ezingaphili noma eziphilayo ezishintsha izici zepulasitiki emsulwa noma ezinezela izakhiwo ezintsha. Abakhiqizi baxuba i-resin nama-masterbatches okwengezwayo ngezilinganiso ezithile ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zomkhiqizo, bese bekhiqiza izinto ezahlukahlukene. Ngemva kokucubungula ngokukhipha, ukucindezela, ukubumba, njll., ingxube yokuqala ithatha isimo esifunekayo.
Ukuxuba izithasiselo ezahlukene nama-granule epulasitiki kunganikeza izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene kumapulasitiki, njengokuqina okwandisiwe, ukufudumala okungcono, kanye nokuqedwa okukhazimulayo. Ukwengeza izithasiselo kumapulasitiki akugcini nje ngokwenza izinto zepulasitiki zibe lula kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa umbala wazo, okwenza umkhiqizo uthembeke kakhudlwana kubasebenzisi. Yingakho ama-90%imikhiqizo yepulasitikiIzithasiselo ezisetshenziswa emhlabeni jikelele, njengoba ipulasitiki emsulwa ngokuvamile intula ukuqina, ukuqina, kanye namandla. Izithasiselo kumele zihlanganiswe ukuze ipulasitiki ihlale isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezinzima.
Yiziphi izithasiselo zepulasitiki ezivame kakhulu namuhla?
1. Izithasiselo ezivimbela ukuvimba (ezivimbela ukunamathela)
Ukunamathela kungathinta kabi ukucutshungulwa kwefilimu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo, ngezinye izikhathi kwenze ifilimu ingasetshenziswa. Izithasiselo ezivimbela ukuvimba ziqinisa ubuso befilimu ukuze zidale umphumela wokunwebeka, zinciphise ukuthintana phakathi kwamafilimu futhi ziwavimbele ukuthi anamathele ndawonye.
Ama-anti-blocking agents kumele asebenze kahle kakhulu, abe nekhwalithi ethembekile kanye nokuzinza, abe nomthelela omncane noma angabi nawo nhlobo ekusebenzeni kwefilimu, ikakhulukazi kumafilimu e-LLDPE kanye ne-LDPE. Ama-anti-blocking agents avame ukusetshenziswa kanye nama-slip agents ukudala indawo yokucubungula efanele yamafilimu.
Izithako ezivamile zezithako ezilwa nokuvimba zifaka phakathi i-silica yokwenziwa (i-SiO2) efana ne-silica efumile, i-silica yejeli, ne-zeolite, noma i-SiO2 yemvelo neyamaminerali efana nobumba, umhlaba we-diatomaceous, i-quartz, ne-talc. Izinto zokwenziwa zinenzuzo yokungabi yi-crystalline (ukugwema uthuli olufana ne-chalk), kuyilapho izinto zemvelo zidinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile ukuze kuncishiswe uthuli.
2. Ama-ejenti okucacisa
Ngesikhathi sokucubungula, izinto ezifana nama-filler noma ipulasitiki ephinde yasetshenziswa zinganciphisa ukucaca komkhiqizo. Ama-ejenti okucacisa anikeza ikhambi, andise ukucwebezela komkhiqizo ngenkathi enciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza.
Ama-ejenti okucacisa angathuthukisa ukucaca ngesilinganiso esiphansi ngenkathi enikeza izinzuzo ezingaba khona ngokunciphisa isikhathi somjikelezo kanye nokonga amandla. Akuthinti kabi ukushisela, ukunamathela, noma okunye ukusebenza kokucubungula.
3. Ama-filler epulasitiki
I-masterbatch yokugcwalisa ipulasitiki, evame ukusekelwe ku-calcium carbonate (CaCO3), isetshenziswa embonini yepulasitiki ukushintsha izici zama-resin noma ama-polymer resin, kunciphisa izindleko zomkhiqizo.
Ingxube yempuphu yamatshe, izithasiselo, kanye ne-resin eyinhloko iyancibilikiswa ibe yi-resin ewuketshezi bese ipholiswa ibe yizinhlayiya, bese ixutshwa nepulasitiki eluhlaza ukuze kwenziwe izinqubo ezifana nokubumba, ukuphotha, kanye nokubumba ngomjovo ukuze kukhiqizwe imikhiqizo yepulasitiki.
Ekucutshungulweni kwepulasitiki ye-PP, izici ezifana nokuncibilika nokugoba zivame ukuthinta ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Izinto zokuqinisa zisiza ukusheshisa ukubumba komkhiqizo, ukunciphisa ukugoba, nokuthuthukisa ukucaca. Zifinyeza nemijikelezo yokucindezela, zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
4. Iziqinisi ze-UV (izithasiselo ze-UV)
Ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kungaphula izibopho kuma-polymer, kubangele ukuwohloka kwe-photochemical futhi kuholele ekuqhekekeni, ekushintsheni kombala, nasekulahlekelweni kwempahla ebonakalayo. Izithambisi ze-UV ezifana nezithambisi zokukhanya kwe-amine ezivinjiwe (HALS) ziqeda ama-free radicals abangela ukuwohloka, ngaleyo ndlela zandise isikhathi sokuphila komkhiqizo.
5. Izithasiselo ezilwa nokungaguquguquki
Ngesikhathi sokucubungula, ama-granule epulasitiki akhiqiza ugesi ongashintshi, adonsela uthuli ebusweni. Izithasiselo ezilwa nokungashintshi zinciphisa ukushaja kobuso befilimu, zithuthukise ukuphepha futhi zinciphise ukuqongelela kothuli.
Izinhlobo:
Ama-anti-static angapheli: izinto ezisetshenziswa ebusweni, usawoti we-organic, i-ethylene glycol, i-polyethylene glycol
Ama-anti-static ahlala isikhathi eside: ama-polyhydroxy polyamines (PHPA), ama-polyalkyl copolymers
6. Izithasiselo ezilwa nokubopha
Amafilimu avame ukunamathelana ngenxa yamandla okunamathela, amashaja aphambene, noma amandla okuhlanza, okwenza kube nzima ukuwahlukanisa. Izithasiselo ezilwa nokubopha ziqinisa ubuso befilimu ukuze zivumele umoya ukuthi uvimbele ukuhlangana. Amanye amacala akhethekile ahilela izinto ezilwa nokuqina ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwakheka kwamashaja.
7. Izithasiselo ezivimbela ilangabi
Amapulasitiki avutha kalula ngenxa yesakhiwo sawo sama-molecule e-carbon-chain. Izinto ezivimbela ilangabi zithuthukisa ukumelana nomlilo ngezindlela ezifana nokwakha izendlalelo zokuvikela noma ukucima ama-free radicals.
Izinto ezivimbela ilangabi ezivamile:
Izinto ezigcina ilangabi ezifakwe i-halogen
Izinto ezisuselwa ku-DOPO
Okungaphili: i-aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)3), i-magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2), i-phosphorus ebomvu
Okungokwemvelo: ama-phosphate
8. Izithasiselo zokulwa nenkungu
Izinto ezivimbela ukufiphala zivimbela amanzi ukuthi angangeni phezu kwamafilimu epulasitiki ngendlela yamaconsi, okuvame ukubonwa emaphaketheni okudla agcinwe eziqandisini noma ezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Lezi zinto zigcina ukucaca futhi zivimbela ukufiphala.
Ama-ejenti avamile okulwa nenkungu:
I-PLA (i-polylactic acid)
I-Lanxess AF DP1-1701
9. Izibani zokukhanya
Ama-optical brighteners, aziwa nangokuthi ama-fluorescent whiteners, avame ukusetshenziselwa ukumunca ukukhanya kwe-UV nokukhipha ukukhanya okubonakalayo, okuthuthukisa ukubukeka kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ukushintsha kombala, ikakhulukazi kumapulasitiki asetshenziswe kabusha, okwenza imibala ikhanye futhi ikhanye kakhudlwana.
Izibani zokukhanya ezivamile: OB-1, OB, KCB, FP (127), KSN, KB.
10. Izithasiselo ezisekela ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo
Amapulasitiki athatha isikhathi eside ukubola, okudala izinselele zemvelo. Izithasiselo zokubola kwe-bio, njenge-Reverte, zisiza ukusheshisa ukubola kwepulasitiki ngaphansi kwethonya lemvelo njengomoya-mpilo, ukukhanya kwelanga, kanye nokushisa.
Lezi zithasiselo zisiza ukuguqula amapulasitiki angaboli abe izinto ezibolayo, ezifana nezinto zemvelo ezifana namaqabunga noma izitshalo, okufaka isandla ekusimeni kwemvelo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-27-2024
