Rakadhindwa munaGunyana 27, 2024 naYidan Zhong
Chii chinonzi plastiki additives?
Plastic additives ndeyechisikigo kana synthetic inorganic kana organic komisheni inoshandura hunhu hwepurasitiki yakachena kana kuwedzera zvivakwa zvitsva. Vagadziri vanosanganisa resin neyekuwedzera masterbatches muzvikamu zvakati zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvechigadzirwa, vobva vagadzira zvinhu zvakasiyana. Mushure mekugadzirisa kuburikidza nekukanda, kumanikidza, kuumba, nezvimwewo, musanganiswa wekutanga unotora chimiro chaunoda.
Kusanganisa akasiyana ekuwedzera nemagranules epurasitiki anogona kupa akasiyana zvivakwa kumapurasitiki, senge kuwedzera kuomarara, zvirinani insulation, uye inopenya kupera. Kuwedzera zvinowedzerwa kumapurasitiki hakungoite kuti zvinhu zvepurasitiki zvireruke asiwo zvinovandudza ruvara rwazvo, zvichiita kuti chigadzirwa chive chakavimbika kune vashandisi. Ichi ndicho chikonzero 90% yezvigadzirwa zvepurasitikipasi rose shandisa zvinowedzera, sepurasitiki yakachena kazhinji isina kusimba, kusimba, uye simba. Zvinowedzerwa zvinofanirwa kusanganiswa kuita kuti plastiki igare pasi pemamiriro ekunze akaomarara.
Ndeapi akawanda epurasitiki ekuwedzera nhasi?
1. Anti-blocking additives (anti-adhesive)
Kunamatira kunogona kukanganisa kugadzirisa firimu uye mashandisirwo, dzimwe nguva zvichiita kuti firimu rive risisashandiswe. Anti-blocking additives inoshatisa firimu pamusoro kuti rigadzire kutambanudza, kuderedza kusangana pakati pemafirimu uye kudzivirira kuti asanamatirana.
Anti-blocking agents anofanirwa kuve anoshanda zvakanyanya, aine hunhu hwakavimbika uye kugadzikana, aine zvishoma kana kusave nemhedzisiro pakuita kwemafirimu, kunyanya muLLDPE neLDPE mafirimu. Anti-blocking agents anowanzo shandiswa padivi peanotsvedza maajenti kugadzira yakakwana kugadzirisa mamiriro emafirimu.
Zvakajairwa zvinosanganisirwa zveanti-blocking additives zvinosanganisira synthetic silica (SiO2) senge fumed silica, gel silica, uye zeolite, kana zvakasikwa uye mineral SiO2 sevhu, diatomaceous pasi, quartz, uye talc. Synthetic zvinhu zvine mukana wekusava crystalline (kudzivisa guruva rechalky), nepo zvinhu zvakasikwa zvinoda kurapwa kwakakosha kuderedza guruva.
2. Kujekesa vamiririri
Panguva yekugadzirisa, zvinhu zvakaita semafirita kana mapurasitiki akadzokororwa anogona kuderedza kujeka kwechigadzirwa. Kujekesa vamiririri vanopa mhinduro, vachiwedzera chigadzirwa gloss uku vachideredza mutengo wekugadzira.
Kujekesa vamiririri vanogona kuvandudza kujeka pamwero wakaderera uku vachipa zvingango wanikwa kuburikidza nekuderedzwa kutenderera nguva uye kuchengetedza simba. Iwo haakonzeri zvisina kunaka welding, adhesion, kana mamwe maitiro ekugadzirisa.
3. Plastic fillers
Plastic filler masterbatch, kazhinji yakavakirwa pacalcium carbonate (CaCO3), inoshandiswa muindasitiri yepurasitiki kugadzirisa hunhu hwema resin kana polymer resins, kuderedza mutengo wechigadzirwa.
Musanganiswa weupfu hwematombo, zvekuwedzera, uye resin yekutanga inonyungudutswa kuita resin yemvura uye yakatonhodzwa kuita magranules, ayo anobva asanganiswa nepurasitiki mbishi yemaitiro senge kuvhuvhuta, kuruka, uye jekiseni kuumba kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki.
Mukugadzirisa kwePP plastiki, zvinhu zvakaita se shrinkage uye warping zvinowanzokanganisa kunaka kwechigadzirwa. Hardening agents anobatsira kukurumidza kuumbwa kwechigadzirwa, kuderedza warping, uye kugadzirisa pachena. Ivo zvakare vanopfupisa kutenderera kwevatori venhau, vachisimudzira kugadzirwa kwakanaka.
4. UV stabilizers (UV additives)
Chiedza cheUltraviolet chinogona kutyora zvisungo mumapolymers, zvichikonzera kuparara kwemafotokemikari uye zvichitungamira mukuchaki, kubuda kwemavara, uye kurasikirwa kwemidziyo. UV stabilizers senge akavharirwa amine mwenje stabilizer (HALS) inoderedza mahara radicals inokonzera kushatisa, nokudaro ichiwedzera hupenyu hwechigadzirwa.
5. Anti-static additives
Munguva yekugadzira, mapurasitiki epurasitiki anogadzira magetsi akamira, achikwevera huruva kumusoro. Anti-static additives inoderedza kubhadharisa kwemufirimu, kuvandudza kuchengetedzeka uye kuderedza kuunganidzwa kweguruva.
Mhando:
Non-durable anti-statics: pamusoro, organic munyu, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol.
Durable anti-statics: polyhydroxy polyamines (PHPA), polyalkyl copolymers
6. Anti-caking additives
Mafirimu anowanzo kunamatira pamwechete nekuda kwemasimba anonamira, machaji akapesana, kana mauto evacuum, zvichiita kuti zviome kuaparadzanisa. Anti-caking additives in roughen the film surface to allow air kudzivirira kugwamba. Mamwe makesi akakosha anosanganisira anti-static zvinhu kudzivirira kubhadharisa kuvaka.
7. Flame retardant additives
Plastics inopfuta zvakanyanya nekuda kweiyo kabhoni-chain molecular chimiro. Zvidziviriro zvemoto zvinovandudza kudzivirira kwemoto kuburikidza nenzira dzakaita sekugadzira matinji ekudzivirira kana kudzima mahara radicals.
Common flame retardants:
Halogenated flame retardants
DOPO derivatives
Inorganic: aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)3), magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2), tsvuku phosphorus
Organic: phosphates
8. Anti-mhute additives
Anti-fogging agents anodzivirira mvura kubva pakunyunguduka pamusoro pemafirimu epurasitiki nenzira yemadonhwe, ayo anowanzo kucherechedzwa mumapaketi echikafu akachengetwa mumafiriji kana magreenhouse. Aya maajenti anochengetedza kujeka uye anodzivirira fogging.
Common anti-fog agents:
PLA (polylactic acid)
Lanxess AF DP1-1701
9. Optical brighteners
MaOptical brighteners, anonziwo fluorescent whiteners, anowanzo shandiswa kutora mwenje weUV uye kuburitsa mwenje unooneka, unosimudzira kutaridzika kwezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki. Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza kushanduka kwemavara, kunyanya mumapurasitiki akadzokororwa, zvichiita kuti mavara apenye uye awedzere kusimba.
Common optical brighteners: OB-1, OB, KCB, FP (127), KSN, KB.
10. Biodegradation inotsigira additives
Plastics inotora nguva yakareba kuti iparare, ichigadzira matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza. Biodegradation additives, senge Reverte, inobatsira kukurumidza kuparara kwepurasitiki pasi pesimba rezvakatipoteredza senge oxygen, chiedza chezuva, uye tembiricha.
Izvi zvinowedzerwa zvinobatsira kushandura mapurasitiki asina-biodegradable kuita zvinhu zvinoodza, zvakafanana nezvisikwa zvechisikigo semashizha kana zvirimwa, zvichibatsira mukuchengetedzeka kwezvakatipoteredza.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-27-2024
