Most commonly used cosmetic ingredients
Here are the most popular cosmetic ingredients and chemicals:

Water

Water, also known as H₂O, is common, and for good reason - it's moisturizing, refreshing, and can be used in nearly every product type.

Whether it's a spray, cream, gel, or serum, water is often one of the first ingredients listed in a product because it plays an important role in its formulation.

Alpha-Hydroxy Acids (AHAs)
Alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) are chemicals found in skin care products ranging from anti-aging creams to acne treatments.

The following are the most common types of AHAs in cosmetics:

Glycolic acid:
Glycolic acid is a natural acid extracted from sugary fruits.

They penetrate deep into the surface of your skin and break down the connections between dead skin cells, thereby speeding up cell turnover and revealing glowing, healthy skin underneath.

Lactic acid:
Lactic acid is an organic compound that plays a role in a variety of biochemical processes including glycolysis, fermentation, and muscle metabolism. Its chemical structure consists of a carboxylic acid group and a hydroxyl group attached to a carbon atom.

Lactic acid is naturally produced in the body and is also found in fermented foods such as yogurt and sauerkraut.

Beta Hydroxy Acid (Salicylic Acid)
Salicylic acid is a beta hydroxy acid (BHA) used in cosmetics to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin texture.

It works by penetrating the skin and breaking down the glue that holds dead skin cells together. This allows new healthy skin cells to surface for a smoother complexion.

Hydroquinone

Hydroquinone is a popular ingredient in cosmetics because it is an effective skin lightening agent. It works by inhibiting the production of melanin, the pigment that causes the skin to darken.

Kojic acid
Kojic acid is a popular ingredient that can be found in many skin care products. It is often used to help lighten the skin and reduce the appearance of sunspots, age spots and other hyperpigmentation.

Glycerin
Glycerin is a colorless, odorless, sweetened liquid used as a humectant in cosmetics. Moisturizers are ingredients that help keep your skin hydrated by attracting and retaining moisture. Glycerin is also used as a solvent for other ingredients.

Retinol
Retinol is a type of vitamin A that helps increase cell turnover, thereby reducing the appearance of wrinkles and age spots.

It also stimulates collagen production, which helps keep skin looking youthful and elastic. Plus, retinol helps unclog pores and fight blemishes.

Formaldehyde
Cosmetics are one of the most commonly used products that contain formaldehyde. This is a chemical used in many household and beauty products, including cosmetics. It is also a known human carcinogen.

Although it is found in small amounts in many products, it can be toxic when inhaled or in contact with the skin. When shopping for makeup, look for products labeled "formaldehyde-free."

L-Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)
L-ascorbic acid or vitamin C is one of the most commonly used ingredients in the world.

It is a powerful antioxidant that helps protect skin from environmental damage and plays a role in collagen production.

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3)
Niacinamide is found in many skin care products, including anti-aging products, treating acne and rosacea, and lightening skin pigmentation.

Although you may think you need a degree in chemistry, all of these ingredients help improve the appearance of our skin.

Alcohol
Alcohol is used as a delivery agent for other ingredients. It evaporates quickly and has a drying effect on the skin, so it can be used in products like toners. It also has antibacterial properties, which means it can help prevent bacteria from growing in the product.

Alcohol can also help facilitate the penetration of active ingredients into the skin. When applied topically, it breaks down the barrier that prevents ingredients from reaching the inner layers of the skin. This allows for more efficient delivery of these ingredients.

In conclusion
So if we go back to the original question, some people will be surprised to hear that it is actually water!

Water has many benefits for the skin:

It helps keep skin hydrated and moisturized, helping to prevent dryness, flaking and irritation.
It also helps plump the skin, making it look plumper and younger.
It can help remove toxins and impurities from the skin.

Not only does water have many benefits for the skin, it's relatively cheap and easy to find. So if you want to improve your skincare routine, be sure to start with water-based products.