Ko ngā pounamu inu he pounamu PET kua whakarerekētia kua konatunatua ki te polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) he pounamu PET whakakotahi rānei me te thermoplastic polyarylate. He pounamu wera ēnei, ā, ka taea te tu atu i te wera ki runga ake i te 85°C; ko ngā pounamu wai he pounamu matao, kāore he hiahia mō te ātete wera. He rite te pounamu wera ki te pounamu matao i roto i te tukanga hanga.
1. Ngā Taputapu
I tēnei wā, ko te nuinga o ngā kaihanga o ngā mīhini whakakoi PET kaha e kawemai ana i SIDEL o Wīwī, i KRONES o Tiamana, me Fujian Quanguan o Haina. Ahakoa he rerekē ngā kaihanga, he rite tonu ngā mātāpono o ā rātou taputapu, ā, e rima ngā wāhanga matua: te pūnaha tuku pire, te pūnaha whakamahana, te pūnaha pupuhi pounamu, te pūnaha whakahaere me ngā mīhini āwhina.
2. Tukanga pupuhi-whakairo
Te tukanga pupuhi pounamu PET.
Ko ngā mea nui e pā ana ki te tukanga pupuhi pounamu PET ko te hanganga o mua, te whakamahana, te pupuhi-mua, te pokepokea ai me te taiao whakaputa.
2.1 Te Hanga-mua
I te wā e whakarite ana i ngā pounamu pupuhi-whakarewa, ka werohia tuatahitia ngā maramara PET ki roto i ngā preforms. E hiahiatia ana kia kaua e nui rawa te ōwehenga o ngā rauemi tuarua i kohia (iti iho i te 5%), kaua e neke atu i te rua ngā wā o te whakaora, ā, kaua e iti rawa te taumaha ngota me te matotoru (taumaha ngota 31000-50000, matotoru ā-roto 0.78-0.85cm3/g). E ai ki te Ture Haumaru Kai ā-Motu, kaua e whakamahia ngā rauemi whakaora tuarua mō ngā takai kai me ngā rongoā. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā preforms werohanga tae atu ki te 24 hāora. Ko ngā preforms kāore anō kia pau i muri i te whakamahana me penapena mō te neke atu i te 48 hāora kia whakamahana anō. Kaua e neke atu i te ono marama te roa o te rokiroki o ngā preforms.
Ko te kounga o te tauira whakapūmau e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki te kounga o te rauemi PET. Me whiriwhiri ngā rauemi e ngāwari ana ki te pupuhi me te hanga, ā, me mahi i tētahi tukanga whakapūmau e tika ana. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā whakamātautau he ngāwari ake te pupuhi i te pokepokea ai ngā tauira kawemai i hangaia mai i ngā rauemi PET he rite te matotoru ki ngā rauemi o te kāinga; ahakoa he rerekē ngā rā whakaputa o te puranga tauira whakapūmau kotahi, tera pea he tino rerekē te tukanga pupuhi. Ko te kounga o te tauira whakapūmau te mea e whakatau ana i te uauatanga o te tukanga pupuhi. Ko ngā whakaritenga mō te tauira whakapūmau ko te parakore, te mārama, te kore poke, te kore tae, me te roa o te pūwāhi werohanga me te āwhiowhio e karapoti ana.
2.2 Te Whakamahana
Ka oti te whakamahana o te oumu whakamahana te whakamahana, ā, ka whakatakotoria ā-ringa te pāmahana, ka whakatikatikaina hoki. I roto i te oumu, ka pānuitia e te ngongo rama infra-tawhiti ka whakamahanahia te oumu e te infra-tawhiti, ā, ka hurihia te wera e te hau i raro i te oumu kia ōrite te pāmahana i roto i te oumu. Ka huri ngātahi ngā oumu i roto i te nekehanga whakamua i roto i te oumu, kia ōrite te whakamahana o ngā pakitara o ngā oumu.
Ko te whakatakotoranga o ngā rama i roto i te oumu he rite tonu ki te "rohe" mai i runga ki raro, he maha atu ngā pito, he iti ake te waenganui. Ko te wera o te oumu ka whakahaeretia e te maha o ngā whakatuwheratanga rama, te tautuhinga pāmahana whānui, te mana o te oumu me te ōwehenga whakamahana o ia wāhanga. Me whakarite te whakatuwheratanga o te ngongo rama me te pounamu kua pupuhihia i mua.
Hei whakapai ake i te mahi a te oumu, he mea tino nui te whakarerekētanga o tōna teitei, o te pereti whakamatao, me ērā atu mea. Ki te kore e tika te whakarerekētanga, ka ngāwari te pupuhi o te waha o te pounamu (ka nui ake te waha o te pounamu) me te mārō o te pane me te kaki (kāore e taea te hutia te rauemi kaki) i te wā e hangaia ana te pokepoke pupuhi me ētahi atu hapa.
2.3 Te pupuhi i mua
He tino hira te pupuhi-mua i roto i te tikanga pupuhi pounamu e rua-taahiraa. E pā ana ki te pupuhi-mua e tīmata ana i te hekenga o te pae kume i te wā o te tukanga pupuhi, kia puta ai te āhua o te mea i hangaia. I roto i tēnei tukanga, ko te aronga o mua i te pupuhi, te pēhanga o mua i te pupuhi me te rere o te pupuhi ngā wāhanga nui e toru o te tukanga.
Ko te āhua o te pounamu pupuhi-mua te mea e whakatau ana i te uauatanga o te tukanga pupuhi me te kounga o te mahi a te pounamu. Ko te āhua noa o te pounamu pupuhi-mua he rite ki te porowhita, ā, ko ngā mea rerekē ko te āhua pere-iti me te āhua kakau. Ko te take o te āhua rerekē ko te whakamahana ā-rohe hē, te korenga o te pēhanga pupuhi-mua, te rere pupuhi-mua rānei, me ētahi atu. Ko te rahi o te pounamu pupuhi-mua e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pēhanga pupuhi-mua me te aronga pupuhi-mua. I roto i te whakaputanga, me noho rite te rahi me te āhua o ngā pounamu pupuhi-mua katoa i roto i ngā taputapu katoa. Mena he rerekētanga, me kimi ngā take taipitopito. Ka taea te whakarerekē i te tukanga whakamahana, te tukanga pupuhi-mua rānei kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga o te pounamu pupuhi-mua.
Ka rerekē te rahi o te pēhanga i mua i te pupuhi i runga i te rahi o te pounamu me te kaha o te taputapu. I te nuinga o te wā, he nui te kaha, he iti te pēhanga i mua i te pupuhi. He nui te kaha whakaputa o ngā taputapu, he teitei hoki te pēhanga i mua i te pupuhi.
2.4 Mīhini āwhina me te pokepokea ai
Ko te mīhini āwhina e pā ana ki ngā taputapu e pupuri ana i te pāmahana o te pokepokea ai kia pumau. He mea nui te pāmahana pumau o te pokepokea ai hei pupuri i te pumau o te hua. I te nuinga o te wā, he teitei te pāmahana o te tinana o te pounamu, ā, he iti te pāmahana o raro o te pounamu. Mō ngā pounamu makariri, nā te mea ko te pānga whakamatao i raro e whakatau ana i te taumata o te aronga ngota, he pai ake te whakahaere i te pāmahana i te 5-8 °C; ā, he teitei ake te pāmahana i raro o te pounamu wera.
2.5 Taiao
He nui ake te pānga o te kounga o te taiao whakaputa ki te whakarerekētanga o te tukanga. Ka taea e ngā āhuatanga pāmahana pumau te pupuri i te pumau o te tukanga me te pumau o te hua. Ko te tikanga he pai ake te hanga i te pounamu PET i te pāmahana rūma me te haumākū iti.
3. Ētahi atu whakaritenga
Me tutuki i te pounamu pēhanga ngā whakaritenga o te whakamātautau ahotea me te whakamātautau pēhanga ngātahi. Ko te whakamātautau ahotea he ārai i te pakaru me te turuturu o te mekameka ngota i te wā e pā ana te raro o te pounamu me te hinu whakahinuhinu (kawakore) i te wā e whakakī ana i te pounamu PET. Ko te whakamātautau pēhanga he ārai i te whakakī o te pounamu. Te whakahaere kounga i muri i te pahūtanga ki roto i tētahi hau pēhanga. Hei whakatutuki i ēnei hiahia e rua, me whakahaere te matotoru o te pūwāhi pokapū i roto i tētahi whānuitanga. Ko te tikanga whānui ko te angiangi o te pūwāhi pokapū, he pai te whakamātautau ahotea, ā, he ngoikore te ātete pēhanga; he matotoru te pūwāhi pokapū, he pai te whakamātautau pēhanga, ā, he ngoikore te whakamātautau ahotea. Ko te tikanga, he hononga tata hoki ngā hua o te whakamātautau ahotea ki te kohikohinga o ngā rauemi i roto i te rohe whakawhiti huri noa i te pūwāhi pokapū, me whakarerekē kia rite ki te wheako mahi.
4. Whakamutunga
Ko te whakatikatika i te tukanga pupuhi pounamu PET e hangai ana ki ngā raraunga e rite ana. Mena he iti ngā raraunga, he tino uaua ngā whakaritenga tukanga, ā, he uaua hoki ki te pupuhi i ngā pounamu kua tohua.
Wā tuku: Mei-09-2020
